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The two-state solution refers to a solution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict currently under discussion, which calls for "two states for two groups of people." The two-state solution envisages an independent State of Palestine alongside the State of Israel, west of the Jordan River. The boundary between the two states is still subject to dispute and negotiation, with Palestinian and Arab leadership insisting on the "1967 borders", which is not accepted by Israel. The territory of the former Mandate Palestine which shall not form part of the Palestinian State, shall be part of Israeli territory. The framework of the solution is set out in UN resolutions on the "Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine", going back to 1974.〔http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/ga.htm〕〔(Res. 3236 (XXIX). Question of Palestine ), United Nations General Assembly, 22 November 1974〕〔(Debate/Vote 2296th General Assembly Plenary Meeting ), United Nations General Assembly, 22 November 1974〕 The resolution calls for "two States, Israel and Palestine … side by side within secure and recognized borders" together with "a just resolution of the refugee question in conformity with UN resolution 194". The borders of the state of Palestine are "based on the pre-1967 borders". The latest resolution in November 2013 was passed 165 to 6, with 6 abstentions.〔( 65/16. Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine, United Nations General Assembly )〕 The countries voting against were Canada, Israel,the United States, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands,and Palau.〔(General Assembly – GA/11460 )〕 The Palestinians have "shown serious interest" in a two-state solution since the mid-1970s, and its mainstream leadership has embraced the concept since the 1982 Arab Summit in Fez.〔Mark A. Tessler. ''A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict''. 1994, page 718〕 Over the years, polls have consistently shown "respectable Israeli and Palestinian majorities in favor of a negotiated two-state settlement."〔(How Not to Make Peace in the Middle East ), Hussein Agha and Robert Malley, ''The New York Review of Books''. Retrieved Jan. 9, 2009〕 There have been many diplomatic efforts to realize a two state solution, starting from the 1991 Madrid Conference. There followed the 1993 Oslo Accords and the failed 2000 Camp David Summit followed by the Taba negotiations in early 2001. In 2002, the Arab League proposed the Arab Peace Initiative. The latest initiative, which also failed, was the 2013–14 peace talks. == History of the two-state solution == The first proposal for the creation of Jewish and Arab states in the British Mandate of Palestine was made in the Peel Commission report of 1937, with the Mandate continuing to cover only a small area containing Jerusalem. The recommended partition proposal was rejected by the Arab community of Palestine,〔Swedenburg, Ted (1988) "The Role of the Palestinian Peasantry in the Great Revolt 1936–1939". in ''Islam, Politics, and Social Movements'', edited by Edmund Burke III and Ira Lapidus. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06868-8 pp 189–194 & Marvin E. Gettleman, Stuart Schaar (2003) ''The Middle East and Islamic World Reader'', Grove Press, ISBN 0-8021-3936-1 pp 177–181〕〔Pappé Ilan (2004) ''A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples'', Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-55632-5〕 and was accepted by most of the Jewish leadership. Partition was again proposed by the 1947 UN Partition plan for the division of Palestine. It proposed a three-way division, again with Jerusalem held separately, under international control. The partition plan was accepted by the Jewish leadership. However, the plan was rejected by the leadership of Arab nations and the Palestinian leadership, which opposed any partition of Palestine and any independent Jewish presence in the area. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War for control of the disputed land broke out on the end of the British Mandate, which came to an end with the 1949 Armistice Agreements. The war resulted in the fleeing or expulsion of 711,000 Palestinians, which the Palestinians call ''Nakba'', from the territories which became the state of Israel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Two-state solution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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